Tehran University of Medical Sciences Case Reports in Clinical Practice 2538-2683 8 1 2023 07 17 9 13 Ali Mirabi Resident of Cardiology, Clinical Research and Development center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Reihane Tabaraii Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Morteza Sedaqat Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Saba Gaeini Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Maryam Masoumi Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. 2022 04 19 2023 04 26 Dressler syndrome is a type of secondary pericarditis that can be accompanied by pleural effusion or pericardial effusion resulting from injury of the pericardium or heart tissue. A 33-year-old male was admitted to the emergency department with pleuritic chest pain radiating to both shoulders and fever. Two months before the admission, the patient underwent traditional open-heart surgery with median sternotomy and pericardiectomy for atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. Blood tests showed elevated acute phase reactants (leukocytosis, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein). Left-sided pleural effusion was revealed on chest CT scan. Diagnosis of Dressler syndrome was established. The patient’s pleuritic chest pain and shoulder pain improved clinically with a short course of colchicine. Although Dressler syndrome is rarely seen, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pleuritic chest pain. Special attention should be paid to Dressler’s syndrome because pericarditis can develop following cardiac surgery https://crcp.tums.ac.ir/index.php/crcp/article/view/677