Tehran University of Medical Sciences Case Reports in Clinical Practice 2538-2683 2 1 2017 08 26 9 12 EN Shahnaz Sali Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center AND Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Simin Dokht Shoaei Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine AND Clinical Research and Development Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shabnam Tehrani Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center AND Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2016 12 20 2017 06 07 Appropriate screening for HIV infection is the cornerstone of HIV-related care. Clinicians should be aware of criminalizing HIV exposure and transmission. We report a case of HIV-1 infection transmission caused by a knife fight between addicts and criminals. He was overlooked as an innocent victim and infected his wife without diagnosis. He was injured with a bloody knife used to damage a man minutes before. His 33-year-old wife was admitted with respiratory distress and responded to the treatment of pneumocystosis. In workup for predisposing factor of this opportunistic infection, AIDS was confirmed. The possible route of HIV-1 transmission was investigated and concluded most likely resulted sexually from his husband. Both of them have no behavioral risk factor for HIV infection. Peoples and physicians should be educated about epidemiology, transmission, and pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV. https://crcp.tums.ac.ir/index.php/crcp/article/view/98 https://crcp.tums.ac.ir/index.php/crcp/article/download/98/66