Tehran University of Medical Sciences Case Reports in Clinical Practice 2538-2683 9 4 2025 02 22 152 158 Reza Mohseni Ahangar Department of Internal Medicine, Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AND School of Medicine, BabolUniversity of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Faezeh Firuzpour Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AND USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Cena Aram Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 2024 10 29 2024 12 30 Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare pulmonary disorder characterized by hyperplasia of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. It is frequently asymptomatic and can be challenging to differentiate from other forms of reactive pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (NECH). Presented is a case report of DIPNECH along with a review of the diagnosis and management. A 50-year-old female patient with a history of airway disease presented to the pulmonary ward with complaints of Functional Class III dyspnea and productive cough. The HRCT revealed the presence of multiple bilateral nodules in both lungs. The histopathology report from the nodule resection confirmed the presence of a carcinoid tumor, specifically identified as DIPNECH. As many similar cases have favorable treatment responses and satisfactory prognoses due to multidisciplinary treatment methods, the necessity of evidence-based management guidelines for DIPNECH and the accuracy of the disease definition is emphasized. https://crcp.tums.ac.ir/index.php/crcp/article/view/995 https://crcp.tums.ac.ir/index.php/crcp/article/download/995/675