Multidisciplinary Management of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis: A Case Report
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Abstract
Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is an unusual smooth muscle tumor characterized by benign smooth muscle cells growing within blood vessels, often reaching the inferior vena cava, right atrium, and pulmonary vessels. The best treatment is complete surgical removal, and the outlook is typically positive, with recurrence occurring rarely. This report discusses a 38-year-old woman who was unexpectedly found to have intravenous leiomyomatosis extending from her uterus to the inferior vena cava and right atrium. She underwent one-stage surgery, which included total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and removal of the lesions from the inferior vena cava and right atrium, all without the need for thoracotomy.
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[8] Fornaris RJ, Rivera M, Jimenez L, Maldonado J. Multimodality evaluation of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a rare, benign but potentially life-threatening tumor. Am J Case Rep. 2015;16:794-800. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.894939
[9] Xu ZF, Yong F, Chen YY, Pan AZ. Uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension: imaging characteristics
and literature review. World J Clin Oncol. 2013;4:25-8. https://doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v4.i1.25
[10] Du J, Zhao X, Guo D, Li H, Sun B. Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: a clinicopathologic study of 18 cases, with emphasis on early diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategies. Hum Pathol. 2011;42(9):1240-6. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.humpath.2010.10.015
[11] Fornaris RJ. Multimodality evaluation of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a rare, benign but potentially life-threatening
tumor. Am J Case Rep. 2015;16:794-800. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.894939
[12] Worley MJ Jr, Aelion A, Caputo TA. Intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension: a single-institution experience. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201(6):574.e1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.037
[13] Gui T, Qian Q, Cao D, Yang J, Peng P and Shen K, “Computerized tomography angiography in preoperative assessment of intravenous leiomyomatosis extending to inferior vena cava and heart,” BMC Cancer, vol. 16, p. 73, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-016-2112-9
[14] Ma G, Miao Q and Liu Xet, “. Different surgical strategies of patients with intravenous leiomyomatosis,” Medicine
(Baltimor), vol. 95, no. 37, p. e4902, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000004902
[15] Na Liu, Yan Long and Yun Liu, “Intravenous leiomyomatosis: Case series and review of the literature,” J of International Medical Research, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060519896887
[16] Yu-Feng L, Xin-Ping and Ze-Zhou Song, “Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus with extension to the right
heart,” Cardiovasc Ultrasound, vol. 9, p. 25, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-7120-9-25
[17] Yundan Deng and Bing Song, “Three Case Reports of Intravenous,” Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Rep, vol. 9, no. 1, pp.
e40-e43, 2020.
[2] Worley MJ Jr, Aelion A, Caputo TA. Intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension: a single-institution experience. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201(6):574.e1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.037
[3] Ip PP, Tse KY, Tam KF. Uterine smooth muscle tumors other than the ordinary leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas: a review of selected variants with emphasis on recent advances and unusual morphology that may cause concern for malignancy. Adv Anat Pathol. 2010;17(2):91. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181cfb901
[4] Vaquero ME, Magrina JF, Leslie KO. Uterine smooth-muscle tumors with unusual growth patterns. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2009;16(3):263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2009.01.013
[5] Andrade LA, Torresan RZ, Sales JF Jr. Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: a report of three cases. Pathol Oncol Res. 1998;4(1):44. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02904695
[6] Fasih N, Shanbhogue AKP, Macdonald DB. Leiomyomas beyond the uterus: unusual locations, rare manifestations.
Radiographics. 2008;28(7):1931. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.287085095
[7] Castelli P, Caronno R, Piffaretti G, Tozzi M. Intravenous uterine leiomyomatosis with right heart extension: successful twostage surgical removal. Ann Vasc Surg. 2006;20(3):405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10016-006-9024-0
[8] Fornaris RJ, Rivera M, Jimenez L, Maldonado J. Multimodality evaluation of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a rare, benign but potentially life-threatening tumor. Am J Case Rep. 2015;16:794-800. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.894939
[9] Xu ZF, Yong F, Chen YY, Pan AZ. Uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension: imaging characteristics
and literature review. World J Clin Oncol. 2013;4:25-8. https://doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v4.i1.25
[10] Du J, Zhao X, Guo D, Li H, Sun B. Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: a clinicopathologic study of 18 cases, with emphasis on early diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategies. Hum Pathol. 2011;42(9):1240-6. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.humpath.2010.10.015
[11] Fornaris RJ. Multimodality evaluation of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a rare, benign but potentially life-threatening
tumor. Am J Case Rep. 2015;16:794-800. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.894939
[12] Worley MJ Jr, Aelion A, Caputo TA. Intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension: a single-institution experience. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201(6):574.e1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.037
[13] Gui T, Qian Q, Cao D, Yang J, Peng P and Shen K, “Computerized tomography angiography in preoperative assessment of intravenous leiomyomatosis extending to inferior vena cava and heart,” BMC Cancer, vol. 16, p. 73, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-016-2112-9
[14] Ma G, Miao Q and Liu Xet, “. Different surgical strategies of patients with intravenous leiomyomatosis,” Medicine
(Baltimor), vol. 95, no. 37, p. e4902, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000004902
[15] Na Liu, Yan Long and Yun Liu, “Intravenous leiomyomatosis: Case series and review of the literature,” J of International Medical Research, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060519896887
[16] Yu-Feng L, Xin-Ping and Ze-Zhou Song, “Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus with extension to the right
heart,” Cardiovasc Ultrasound, vol. 9, p. 25, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-7120-9-25
[17] Yundan Deng and Bing Song, “Three Case Reports of Intravenous,” Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Rep, vol. 9, no. 1, pp.
e40-e43, 2020.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 10 No 1 (2025): January-February | |
| Section | Case Report(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Intravenous leiomyomatosis Hysterectomy Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Behnamfar F, Ghasemi F, Salimi F, Hajiahmadi S, Zafarbakhsh A. Multidisciplinary Management of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis: A Case Report. CRCP. 2025;10(1):17-22.
