Bleeding Milky Way!
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Abstract
Many people regard herbal plants as a safe natural product and routinely consume them for maintenance of healthy life or as home remedies without considering their potential health-threatening side effects. Here, we presented manifestations of milk thistle toxicity. The milk thistle’s flavonolignans, especially the silybin ingredient disturb the hemostatic process by dual anticoagulant and anti-platelet properties. This plant can inhibit serine proteases, including factors II and X as in the coagulation cascade as well as platelet activation by blocking adenosine diphosphate receptor and cyclooxygenase; hence, it causes bleeding diathesis.
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[10] Bijak M, Ponczek MB, Nowak P. Polyphenol compounds belong- ing to flavonoids inhibit activity of coagulation factor X. Interna- tional Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2014; 65:129-35. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.023] [PMID]
[11] Bijak M, Szelenberger R, Saluk J, Nowak P. Flavonolignans inhibit ADP induced blood platelets activation and aggregation in whole blood. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2017; 95:682-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.002] [PMID]
[12] Bijak M, Saluk-Bijak J. Flavonolignans inhibit the arachidonic acid pathway in blood platelets. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2017; 17(1):396. [DOI:10.1186/s12906-017-1897-7] [PMID] [PMCID]
[13] Bijak M, Dziedzic A, Saluk-Bijak J. Flavonolignans reduce the re- sponse of blood platelet to collagen. International Journal of Bio- logical Macromolecules. 2018; 106:878-84. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijbio- mac.2017.08.091] [PMID]
[14] Kershaw G, Orellana D. Mixing tests: Diagnostic aides in the in- vestigation of prolonged prothrombin times and activated partial thromboplastin times. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 2013; 39(3):283-90. [DOI:10.1055/s-0033-1336832] [PMID]
[15] Adcock DM, Gosselin R. Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) in the laboratory: 2015 review. Thrombosis Research. 2015; 136(1):7-12. [DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2015.05.001] [PMID]
[2] Zhang J, Onakpoya IJ, Posadzki P, Eddouks M. The safety of herbal medicine: From prejudice to evidence. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015; 2015:316706. [DOI:10.1155/2015/316706] [PMID] [PMCID]
[3] Karimpour-Reihan S, Firuzei E, Khosravi M, Abbaszade M. Coagu- lation disorder following red clover (Trifolium Pratense) misuse: A case report. Frontiers inEmergency Medicine. 2018; 2(2):e20. [PMID] [PMCID]
[4] Cordier W, Steenkamp V. Herbal remedies affecting coagulation: A review. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2012; 50(4):443-52. [DOI:10.3109/ 13880209.2011.611145] [PMID]
[5] Bashawri LAM, Ahmed MA. The approach to a patient with a bleeding disorder: For the primary care physician. Journal of Family & Community Medicine. 2007; 14(2):53-8. [PMID] [PMCID]
[6] Saki K, Eftekhari Z, Jelodari M, Shahsavari S, Moradifar M, Bahm- ani M. Therapeutic effects and pharmaceutical products manu- factured from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) in Iran. Advanced Herbal Medicine. 2015; 1(2):1-3. http://herbmed.skums.ac.ir/arti- cle_12690.html
[7] Bijak M. Silybin, a major bioactive component of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaernt.)- Chemistry, bioavailability, and metabolism. Molecules. 2017; 22(11):1942. [DOI:10.3390/mol- ecules22111942] [PMID] [PMCID]
[8] Rainone F. Milk thistle. American Family Physician. 2005; 72(7):1285-8. [PMID]
[9] Bijak M, Ziewiecki R, Saluk J, Ponczek M, Pawlaczyk I, Krotkiewski H, et al. Thrombin inhibitory activity of some polyphenolic com- pounds. Medicinal Chemistry Research. 2014; 23(5):2324-37. [DOI:10.1007/s00044-013-0829-4] [PMID] [PMCID]
[10] Bijak M, Ponczek MB, Nowak P. Polyphenol compounds belong- ing to flavonoids inhibit activity of coagulation factor X. Interna- tional Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2014; 65:129-35. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.023] [PMID]
[11] Bijak M, Szelenberger R, Saluk J, Nowak P. Flavonolignans inhibit ADP induced blood platelets activation and aggregation in whole blood. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2017; 95:682-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.002] [PMID]
[12] Bijak M, Saluk-Bijak J. Flavonolignans inhibit the arachidonic acid pathway in blood platelets. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2017; 17(1):396. [DOI:10.1186/s12906-017-1897-7] [PMID] [PMCID]
[13] Bijak M, Dziedzic A, Saluk-Bijak J. Flavonolignans reduce the re- sponse of blood platelet to collagen. International Journal of Bio- logical Macromolecules. 2018; 106:878-84. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijbio- mac.2017.08.091] [PMID]
[14] Kershaw G, Orellana D. Mixing tests: Diagnostic aides in the in- vestigation of prolonged prothrombin times and activated partial thromboplastin times. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 2013; 39(3):283-90. [DOI:10.1055/s-0033-1336832] [PMID]
[15] Adcock DM, Gosselin R. Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) in the laboratory: 2015 review. Thrombosis Research. 2015; 136(1):7-12. [DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2015.05.001] [PMID]
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 6 No 4 (2021): July-August | |
| Section | Case Report(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/crcp.v6i4.7857 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Milk thistle Bleeding Platelet aggregation inhibitors Factor Xa inhibitors Antithrombins | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Asgari A, Daraei M, KarimpourReihan S. Bleeding Milky Way!. CRCP. 2021;6(4):160-163.
