Does COVID-19 Cause Hemorrhagic Encephalitis? A Case Report
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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes an inflammatory disease characterized by symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, and myalgia, along with leukopenia, lymphopenia, elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase levels, and abnormal chest computed tomography findings. It may also lead to respiratory distress, unilateral complications, and secondary infections. COVID-19 infection can result in severe neurological complications, including viral encephalitis, cerebrovascular disorders, acute diffuse encephalomyelitis, and acute necrotizing encephalopathy. Here, we report a case of hemorrhagic encephalitis due to SARS-CoV-2 in a 27-year-old patient with a history of type 1 diabetes.
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[2] Mao L, Wang M, Chen S, He Q, Chang J, Hong C, et al. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with
COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study. medRxiv. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.22.20026500
[3] Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, Duan J, Hashimoto K, Yang L, et al. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:18-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031.
[4] Baig AM. Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2020;26(5):499-501. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.13372.
[5] Zoghi A, Ramezani M, Roozbeh M, Darazam IA, Sahraian MA. A case of possible atypical demyelinating event of the
central nervous system following COVID-19. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020;44:102324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
msard.2020.102324.
[6] Bohmwald K, Gálvez NMS, Ríos M, Kalergis AM. Neurologic alterations due to respiratory virus infections. Front
Cell Neurosci. 2018;12:386. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2018.00386.
[7] Kim JE, Heo JH, Kim HO, Song SH, Park SS, Park TH, et al. Neurological complications during treatment of Middle
East respiratory syndrome. J Clin Neurol. 2017;13(3):227- 33. https://doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2017.13.3.227.
[8] Xiang P, Xu XM, Gao LL, Wang HZ, Xiong HF, Li RH. First case of 2019 novel coronavirus disease with encephalitis. ChinaXiv. 2020;202003:00015. https://doi.org/10.12074/202003.00015.
[9] Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus
interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020;11(7):995-8. https://doi.org/10.1021/
acschemneuro.0c00122.
[10] Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ, et al. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1033- 4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0.
[11] Gélisse P, Rossetti AO, Genton P, Crespel A, Kaplan PW. How to carry out and interpret EEG recordings in COVID-19 patients in ICU? Clin Neurophysiol. 2020;131(8):2023-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2020.05.006.
[12] Chalil A, Baker CS, Johnston RB, Just C, Debicki DB, Mayich MS, et al. Acute hemorrhagic encephalitis related to
COVID-19. Neurol Clin Pract. 2021;11(2):e147-e51. https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000900.
[13] Poyiadji N, Shahin G, Noujaim D, Stone M, Patel S, Griffith B. COVID- 19-associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: imaging features. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E119-E20. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201187.
[14] Cisse FA, Antoine JC, Pillet S, Jousserand G, Reynaud-Salard M, Camdessanche JP. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy associated with influenza A (H1N1) virus. J Neurol. 2011;258(3):513-4.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-010-5781-3.
[15] Li T, Wei W, Cheng L, Zhao S, Xu C, Zhang X, et al. Computeraided diagnosis of COVID-19 CT scans based on spatiotemporal information fusion. J Healthc Eng. 2021;2021:6658089. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6658089.
[16] Ghosh R, Dubey S, Finsterer J, Chatterjee S, Ray BK. SARSCoV-2-associated acute hemorrhagic, necrotizing encephalitis (AHNE) presenting with cognitive impairment in a 44-year-old woman without comorbidities: a case report. Am J Case Rep. 2020;21:e925641. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.925641.
[17] Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, Clere-Jehl R, Schenck M, Kummerlen C, et al. Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(23):2268-70. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2008597.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9 No 5 (2024): September -October | |
| Section | Case Report(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| COVID-19 Brain Encephalitis SARS-COV-2 | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Abutorabi Zarchi M, Razavi R, Namiranian N. Does COVID-19 Cause Hemorrhagic Encephalitis? A Case Report. CRCP. 2025;9(5):224-228.
